Takes about four pomodoros to do a tech analysis well enough to generate questions to ask in a conversation

Why haven’t people started building airplanes with ceramic engines?

Have they tried combining 3D printed engines with generative designs?

Does the additively manufactured motor get better or worse with size? How?

What is keeping additively manufactured electric motors from getting to 50 percent efficiency?

What would a 50 percent increase in power density enable that hasn’t been?

Where are there other areas where temperature is a limiting component?

# Materials and Processes for New Propulsion Systems with Reduced Environmental Impact
- p1 System studies have been done on integrating CMC into engine hot sections
- p1 - durability with 1000 hr life at temps up to 2700f and fatigue loading up to 20 ksi
- p4 - TRL 5 test for EBC (environmental barrier coating) + CMC blades 
- p4 - blades are patented by glenn
- p5 - PMCs save weight esp in large engines
- p5 - blade dimensions are largely driven by damage resistance to bird strikes
- P7 - hybrid carbon fiber/steel gear used to increase power density for vertical lift 
- p7 - hybrid carbon fiber/steel gear had a problem due to delimitation
- p8 [[Compact Additively Manufactured Innovative Electric Motor Project]] is aimed at makingg better air taxis.
- p9 SoA in electric motors is pancake motor
	- 19.5cm diameter
	- 1.8kg (typo in paper)
	- > 7kW continuous output
	- 7500 RPM
	- 94% efficiency
	- 3.93 kW/kg -> 5.5 kW/kg at max temp
- p9/10 Additive manufacturing enables
	- 63% weight reduction in housing
	- Working temperature of 250C instead of 180C
- <tentative> 50% increase in power density 
[[Ceramic Matrix Composites]]
### Authors
Joseph Grady, Raymond Robinson, Gary Roberts, Sandi Miller, Michael Halbig  
Joseph.E.Grady@nasa.gov 
NASA Glenn Research Center 
Michael Pereira and Charles Ruggeri 
NASA Glenn Research Center 
Lee Kohlman  
NASA Ames Research Center 

### Related
- [[Advanced CMCs, Additive Manufacturing, and Joining/Integration Technologies]]
- [[A Fully Nonmetallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing  (Paper)]]
- [[A Fully Non-Metallic Gas Turbine Engine Enabled by Additive Manufacturing (Presentation)]]
### Published
2019 
### Link
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20190031760.pdf

                        

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Materials and manufacturing underpin civilization

Brittle intermetallic compound makes ultrastrong low-density steel with large ductility

# New materials are the bedrock of human progress 
- [[Overview of Material Science Breakthroughs that Unlocked other Breakthroughs]] 
- [[Generative Materials are a possible cross disciplinary place]]
- [[Single strand carbon-fiber parts]]
- [[Why haven’t people started building airplanes with ceramic engines?]]
- [[Utility Fog - A Universal Physical Substance]]



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New materials are the bedrock of human progress

# Why haven’t people started building airplanes with ceramic engines?
[[Materials and Processes for New Propulsion Systems with Reduced Environmental Impact]]


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Why haven’t people started building airplanes with ceramic engines?

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