# Dilution refrigerator Takes advantage of the phase separation between [[Helium]]3 and [[Helium]]4 at low temperatures. A big application is for cooling quantum computers [[Quantum computing]] The effect was proposed by [[Heinz London]] in “the early 50s” and was first built in [[1964]] at [[Leiden University]] <!-- #case-study/technology --> [Web URL for this note](http://notes.benjaminreinhardt.com/Dilution+refrigerator) [Comment on this note](http://via.hypothes.is/http://notes.benjaminreinhardt.com/Dilution+refrigerator) <!-- {BearID:8C7C2E22-BAAB-4D64-88E3-DFAE67168FCC-484-00004FC10D4C2367} -->